abstract：:The most commonly employed techniques for the in vivo measurement of arterial blood flow to individual organs involve the use of flow probes or sensors. Commercially available systems for the measurement of in vivo blood flow can be divided into two categories: ultrasonic and electromagnetic. Two types of ultrasonic p...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Tabrizchi R,Pugsley MK

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of the present study was to formulate a simple chemically defined medium for the in vitro growth of rat two-cell embryos to blastocysts. Embryos from day 2 pregnant rats were retrieved and placed in paraffin oil-covered droplets of "rat two-cell embryo culture medium" (R2ECM) containing combinations of various...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Goh VH,Adiga SK,Tain CF,Tong TY,Ng SC

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex, multifactoral disease involving genetic and environmental factors that represents a large unmet medical need. There are currently many animal models of CHF that have provided some insight into the etiology of this disease. However, due to the complex interactions of environ...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Smith AH,Wolfgang EA,Flynn DM,Doe CP,Knight DR

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of the ternary complex model (TCM) of drug action at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were examined, using theoretical computer simulations, with regard to the predicted effects of the presence of a fixed concentration of one agonist on the competition binding profile of another. Subsequently, the bi...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Christopoulos A,Grant MK,El-Fakahany EE

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a typical flowchart for discovery of novel analgesic (or other) agents, a critical path often involves maximization of the separation of the therapeutic endpoint from known adverse-effect (AE) endpoint(s). Although strategies can easily be designed for in vitro paradigms such as high-throughput screening, extension...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Li QS,Connelly CD,Codd EE,Raffa RB

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by dipyrone (metamizol) and the possible participation of a peripheral mechanism on such synergism were studied with the use of the formalin test in the rat. Nociception was induced by the intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%) in the right hind paw. ...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Aguirre-Bañuelos P,Granados-Soto V

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations of the coupling between contraction and relaxation (contraction-relaxation [CRC] process) in isometric conditions are essential in determining whether pharmacologic interventions or cardiac diseases specifically modify isometric relaxation (intrinsic lusitropic effect) or change it in proportion with th...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Baudet S,Noireaud J

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acetylcholine-evoked relaxation of rabbit isolated thoracic aorta precontracted by phenylephrine was studied. Phenylephrine caused a steady contraction that was maintained for 6 h. In the presence of calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and ascorbic acid the contraction decreased with time. N(G)-Nit...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Hansen K,Nedergaard OA

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A sensitive and precise gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method with selected ion monitoring has been developed for determination of ketamine in the brain using chlorpheniramine as an internal standard. The assay is based on the acid extraction of brain homogenate with hexane and ethyl ether with subsequent alkali...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Blednov YA,Simpson VJ

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, Calderone and Martinotti (J Pharmacol Toxicol Meth 40:57-62, 1998) presented a simple equation for the estimation of agonist dissociation equilibrium constants from data obtained from receptor inactivation experiments using an irreversible, competitive antagonist. In the present paper, however, it is demonst...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Van der Graaf PH

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal water barrier function occurs in irritated skin and certain cutaneous diseases. Methods have been compared for separating the epidermis (site of the barrier) from the whole skin without disturbing the barrier function. The epidermis was separated from newborn rat skin by (1) exposure to 10% trypsin at 4 degre...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Pu Y,Lin P

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic use of beta2-agonists and increased production of inflammatory mediators during the late allergic reaction after antigen challenge results in the desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in the airways and the accompanying rise in nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we established an in vivo mo...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Chong BT,Agrawal DK,Romero FA,Townley RG

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two methods of measuring body temperature were compared in common marmosets. Subcutaneous temperatures were measured remotely via previously implanted subcutaneous microchips (Plexx BV, IPTT-100) prior to measurement of rectal temperature using a conventional rectal probe. Marmosets were treated with saline or the bra...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Cilia J,Piper DC,Upton N,Hagan JJ

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Buffers used to incubate cells for pharmacological or toxicological studies are usually of very simple composition, far from the composition of biological fluids or cell culture media. Comparative studies on taurine uptake levels by cultured cells show that a new CO2-Independent Medium (CIM) is suitable for incubating...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Lelong IH,Rebel G

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipid peroxidation is a major consequence of oxidative stress and an important cause of neuronal damage in ischaemic injuries and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Recent research has focused on the development of antioxidant drugs which may delay or minimize neurodegeneration. Rapid and reliabl...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Callaway JK,Beart PM,Jarrott B

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radioimmunoassay of the undecapeptide substance P (SP) and its application in rabbit lung superfusate has been developed. The assay was based on the use of a radioactive tracer, 125I-SP-Tyr8, which showed, with an excess of antibodies, a specific binding greater than 90% and a nonspecific binding lower than 2%. This...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Nemmar A,Gustin P,Delaunois A,Beckers JF,Sulon J

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical value of coronary vasodilators in antianginal therapy depends on the ratio of their epicardial versus resistance coronary vessel actions. The coronary flow measured in standard isolated heart preparations, however, does not allow any conclusion about the function of epicardial vessels. Thus, we establishe...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Joseph G,Strassberger F,Klaus W

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a method for the rapid isolation of hepatocyte nuclei, which employs gentle homogenization and centrifugation conditions, and involves minimal processing time. The purified nuclei were morphologically unaltered when observed by light and electron microscopy. No significant contamination from cytoplas...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Ho YF,Guenthner TM

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for the rapid detection of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) generation in dissociated cerebellar granule cells using dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) and flow cytometry was developed. DCFH can be oxidized specifically by NO and this was assessed by 1) the use of SIN-1 (10 nM-100 microM), an NO donor, that induced a c...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Gabriel C,Camins A,Sureda FX,Aquirre L,Escubedo E,Pallàs M,Camarasa J

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review article describes various quantitation methods for the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (Glut4). Several methods including reconstituted glucose transport, cytochalasin B binding assays, immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, ELISA, and the more recently developed exofacial labels are discussed. Since Gl...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Li WM,McNeill JH

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many circumstances, rapid information is required about the effects of drugs on neurotransmitter release in brain, and a common method used is measurement of radiolabelled release from superfused brain slices or synaptosomes in vitro. However, the method requires expensive equipment and is not readily adapted to th...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Thongsaard W,Kendall DA,Bennett GW,Marsden CA

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) catalyze the oxidation of a diverse array of xenobiotic compounds. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a specific immunological probe to human hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase (HLFMO3). An oligopetide corresponding to amino acid residues 257-270 of HLFMO3 was...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Myers CR,Porgilsson B,Myers JM

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The method of determination of the minute excretion of tubular epithelial cells renders it possible to investigate the course of the nephrotoxic effect of the toxin by the influence of which excretion of tubular round epithelial cells is increased. The nephrotoxic effect of repeated administration of amphotericin B (1...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Stĕtinová V,Trejtnar F,Kopecký J,Grossmann V,Kvètina J,Kopecká L,Semecký V

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A tissue preparation is described which makes it possible to examine the effect of drugs on the nerves that control both longitudinal and circular muscles of the small intestine. The preparation consists of a segment of rat ileum set up to measure the tension developed in the longitudinal muscle and intraluminal press...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Coupar IM,Liu L

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the application of a Microplate Filtration System (MFS) to a binding assay, with the results being compared to those obtained with a conventional 24-Well Filtration Manifold (24WFM). The data reported here characterize the PAF receptor on rabbit platelet membranes using [3H]apafant. The results ...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Balsa D,Merlos M,Giral M,Ferrando R,García-Rafanell J,Forn J

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison is made of four rat aortic preparations, that is, single ring, spiral strip, zig-zag strip, and multiple-ring, on the basis of the responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh). The single ring preparation was suitable under isometric, but not under isotonic conditions, because of the small iso...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Calderone V,Martinotti E,Scatizzi R,Pellegrini A,Breschi MC

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a simple fluorometric method for the continuous monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability in suspensions of hepatocytes exposed in vitro to cytotoxic agents. Suspensions of freshly isolated hepatocytes (10(6) cells/mL) preloaded with rhodamine 123 (Rh 123, 100 mumol/L) are transferred...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Palmeira CM,Moreno AJ,Madeira VM,Wallace KB

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin (i.p.) 14 days before use. In vivo airway hyperreactivity induced by ovalbumin inhalation was determined by challenging with aerosolized spasmogen (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] methacholine, the thromboxane-mimetic, U-46619, or adenosine) 24 hr before (7 days with adenosine) an...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Lewis CA,Broadley KJ

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of acute myocardial infarction in the rat is an established model for studying effects of therapeutic interventions. Images of sections of the rat left ventricle, stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, were digitized and several parameters estimated by dedicated software on an image analyzer (IBAS 2.0). The met...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Porzio S,Masseroli M,Messori A,Forloni G,Olivetti G,Jeremic G,Riva E,Luvarà G,Latini R

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of angiotensin II (AII) receptor binding often necessitates freezing of the tissue of interest prior to assay of radioligand binding. This study evaluated the effects of freezing of various rat tissues at different rates on 125I-sarcosine1, isoleucine8 angiotensin II (125I-SI AII) binding to AII receptor su...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Lu XY,Zhang W,Grove KL,Speth RC

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model of gingival inflammation was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g. Mechanical bamboo stick-induced injury was inflammatory when bacteria contaminated the sticks. Bacteria were first obtained from gingival fluid collected from a patient with adult periodontitis. Another strain from Institut Paste...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Guessous F,Huynh C,N'Guyen H,Godeau G,Giroud JP,Meyer J,Hornebeck W,Roch-Arveiller M

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the rapid assay of norepinephrine (NE) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in the mouse brain, we developed a simple method using isocratic HPLC with coulometric detection. This method permits NE and MHPG assay within 5 min in one chromatographic run. Within-run coefficients of variati...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Murai S,Saito H,Masuda Y,Ohkubo N,Itoh T

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluation of the myocardial relaxation has become important in the last years. An impaired relaxation may precede contractile dysfunctions and even cause heart failure. To treat this impaired lusitropism it is necessary to properly assess the lusitropic state of the heart and understand how drugs affect the cellular ...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Vittone L,Mundiña-Weilenmann C,Mattiazzi A,Cingolani H

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method, using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), was developed for screening xenobiotics in conjunction with neurological examinations, for defining toxicodynamic profiles of certain drugs and chemicals in the dog. The standard 10-channel montage was used to evaluate normotonic, auditory, visual, and somato...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Jones RD,Greufe NP

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Papaya latex-induced rat paw inflammation model for evaluating antiinflammatory activity has been developed and reported earlier. A number of drugs viz. aspirin, indomethacin, piroxicam, ibuprofen, prednisolone, levamisole, chloroquine, and boswellic acids showed antiinflammatory activity in this model. As the last th...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Gupta OP,Sharma N,Chand D

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many xenobiotics cause hepatobiliary toxicity and cholestasis in the rat. Initial assessment of hepatobiliary damage in rats can be accomplished by measuring serum concentrations of bile acids and bilirubin, serum activities of liver-associated enzymes such as 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltrans...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Handler JA,Kossor DC,Goldstein RS

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemodynamic and biochemical changes were studied on 36 white ELCO-rabbits, seven adult older than 150 days, seven immatures between 21 and 27 days, and seven neonatals between 7 and 14 days. Five supplementary hearts of each age group served for preischemic biochemical values. Protection during 60 min of global ischem...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Podesser B,Hausleithner V,Seitelberger R,Wollenek G,Wolner E,Steiert H

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study a new model of cerebral ischemia, based on a middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis in rats is described. Furthermore, the effect of the novel plasminogen activator (SUN9216), a plasminogen-plasminogen activator chimera, comprising the fibrin kringle 1 domain of a plasminogen, and the two kringles, and ...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Matsuno H,Uematsu T,Umemura K,Takiguchi Y,Asai Y,Muranaka Y,Nakashima M

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An HPLC method is described using conductimetric detection for the quantitative determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of conscious rabbits. This method enabled the four cations to be estimated with rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The mean mil...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Frosini M,Gorelli B,Matteini M,Palmi M,Valoti M,Sgaragli GP

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we have examined the effects of the general anesthetic agents for the excision of the heart on the hemodynamic function of the ischemic perfused heart. Animals were divided into three groups. In one group rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneally. Animals of the second and...

journal_title：Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods

authors： Oguchi T,Kashimoto S,Yamaguchi T,Nakamura T,Kumazawa T

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00